Scrip's Complete Guide to CNS Disorders

Scrip's Complete Guide to CNS Disorders

Therapeutic

A comprehensive overview of the global market for current and forthcoming CNS drugs, this report covers the major areas: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, schizophrenia and anxiety. Six volumes supply you with invaluable information on CNS drugs in R&D and the global market for CNS therapies.

Access:

Extensive R&D information on over 150 products in clinical trials for CNS disorders
R&D details for over 200 drugs in preclinical research
Relative market share of products and sales forecasts to 2002 for each disease
18 top company profiles
Sales figures for the top 30 CNS drugs currently on the market

Each major disease area is covered in a separate volume containing definitions, pathogenesis, risk factors and epidemiology. The report also supplies descriptions of current treatments and information on their advantages and disadvantages.

Profiles of the 18 companies most active in the CNS field allow you to undertake accurate competitor analysis - and evaluate opportunities for strategic collaborations.

PUBLISHED: AUGUST 1999
REF: BS1023E
PAGES: 600+
PRICE: Complete six-volume set �990/$1,995/�238,000

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CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
METHODOLOGY
ABBREVIATIONS
GLOSSARY

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND OTHER DEMENTIAS
1.1 Background to Alzheimer's disease
1.2 Definitions
1.3 Pathogenesis
1.3.1 Neurone death
1.3.2 Neurofibrillary tangles
1.3.3 Amyloid plaques and spherons
1.4 Symptoms
1.5 Prognosis
1.6 Opportunities for drug intervention
1.7 Aetiology
1.7.1 Genetic risk factors
1.7.1.1 Apolipoprotein E gene
1.7.1.2 Amyloid precursor protein
1.7.1.3 Presenilins
1.7.1.4 Other genetic risk factors
1.7.2 Environmental risk factors
1.7.3 Other risk factors
1.8 Dementia
1.8.1 Definitions
1.8.1.1 AIDS-related dementia
1.8.1.2 Vascular dementia
1.8.1.3 Multi-infarct dementia
1.8.1.4 Dementia with Lewy bodies
1.8.1.5 Alcohol-related dementia
1.8.1.6 Mild cognitive impairment
1.8.1.7 Summary
1.8.2 Causes of other dementias
1.9 Risk factors for dementia as a whole
1.9.1 Age
1.9.2 Level of development
1.9.3 Gender
1.9.4 Geographical location
1.9.5 Hypertension
1.9.6 Stress
1.9.7 Genetic
1.10 Epidemiology
1.10.1 Incidence for dementia as a whole
1.10.2 Incidence for Alzheimer's disease
1.10.3 Prevalence for dementia as a whole
1.10.4 Prevalence for Alzheimer's disease
1.11 Trends in treatment
1.11.1 Treatments other than drug therapy

CHAPTER 2 MARKETED DRUGS
2.1 Summary of drug classes for treating dementias
2.2 Drugs to correct the cholinergic defect
2.2.1 Bifemelane
2.2.2 Donepezil
2.2.3 Galantamine
2.2.4 Rivastigmine
2.2.5 ST-200
2.2.6 Tacrine
2.3 Modulation of other neurotransmitter systems
2.3.1 Levocarnitine
2.3.2 Memantine
2.3.3 Nicergoline
2.4 Nootropics
2.4.1 Aniracetam
2.4.2 Choline-L-alfoscerate
2.4.3 Indeloxazine
2.4.4 Oxiracetam
2.4.5 Piracetam
2.4.6 Pramiracetam
2.5 Nerve growth factors
2.5.1 Propentofylline
2.6 Miscellaneous agents
2.6.1 Brovincamine
2.6.2 Phosphatidylserine
2.6.3 Vinpocetine
2.6.4 Zuclopenthixol
2.7 Summary of memory-enhancing drugs
2.8 Opportunities for new drugs
2.8.1 The inflammation theory

CHAPTER 3 DRUGS IN DEVELOPMENT
3.1 Correction of the cholinergic effect
3.1.1 ABT-418
3.1.2 CHF-2819
3.1.3 Fasoracetam
3.1.4 GTS-21
3.1.5 Huperzine A
3.1.6 Icopezil maleate
3.1.7 Ipidacrine hydrochloride
3.1.8 Methanesulfonyl fluoride
3.1.9 Metrifonate
3.1.10 MKC-231
3.1.11 NS-2330
3.1.12 Physostigmine
3.1.13 Quilostigmine
3.1.14 Sabcomeline
3.1.15 SIB-1553A
3.1.16 SL-65.0102
3.1.17 TAK-147
3.1.18 Talsaclidine fumarate
3.1.19 T-588
3.1.20 XR-543
3.1.21 YM-796
3.2 Modulation of other neurotransmitter systems
3.2.1 Excitatory amino acids
3.2.1.1 Ensaculin
3.2.1.2 HCT-1026
3.2.2 AMPAkines
3.2.2.1 AMPAlex (CX516)
3.2.2.2 CX691
3.2.3 Monoamine oxidase B inhibitors
3.2.3.1 Lazabemide
3.2.3.2 NGD 97-1
3.2.3.3 Rasagiline
3.2.3.4 SL-25.1188
3.2.3.5 SR-57746
3.3 Nootropics
3.3.1 Nebracetam
3.3.2 Nefiracetam
3.4 Nerve growth factors
3.4.1 Leteprinim potassium
3.5 COX inhibitors
3.5.1 Celecoxib
3.5.2 Rofecoxib
3.6 Neuroprotectives
3.6.1 Nilvadipine
3.6.2 Nitrendipine
3.6.3 Vinconate
3.6.4 Vitamin D derivative
3.7 Antipsychotics
3.7.1 Olanzapine
3.7.2 Quetiapine
3.7.3 Risperidone
3.7.4 Sertindole
3.8 Other approaches
3.8.1 Prolyl endopeptidase inhibitors
3.8.1.1 JTP-4819
3.8.1.2 S-17092
3.8.1.3 Z-321
3.8.2 Hormone-related compounds
3.8.2.1 Montirelin
3.8.2.2 Posatirelin
3.8.2.3 Premarin and medroxyprogesterone
3.8.2.4 Taltirelin
3.8.3 Lipid peroxidase inhibitors
3.8.3.1 Idebenone
3.8.3.2 OPC-14117
3.8.4 Histamine antagonists
3.8.4.1 BP2.421
3.8.4.2 GT2331
3.9 Miscellaneous
3.9.1 ALE-26015
3.9.2 Alzene
3.9.3 Colostrinin
3.9.4 Dronabinol
3.9.5 FK-960
3.9.6 LX-104
3.9.7 NBI-30775
3.9.8 NDD-094A
3.9.9 Reumacon
3.9.10 S-8510
3.9.11 Nitrone-related therapeutics
3.10 New approaches
3.10.1 Alzheimer's disease vaccines

REFERENCES

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1 Summary of the different types of dementias
Table 1.2 Incidence and prevalence figures for dementia in different age groups, 1995
Table 1.3 Incidence and prevalence figures for dementia in areas with different degrees of development, 1995
Table 1.4 Incidence and prevalence figures for dementia in males and females, 1995
Table 1.5 Incidence and prevalence figures for dementia in different regions, 1995

Table 2.1 Summary of marketed memory-enhancing drug classes
Table 2.2 Summary of companies marketing memory-enhancing drugs as a first indication
Table 2.3 Summary of companies marketing memory-enhancing drugs whose first indication is not a memory enhancer
Table 2.4 Summary of companies with marketed memory enhancers specifically indicated for dementia

Table 3.1 Summary of memory-enhancing drugs approved or waiting approval for Alzheimer's disease and dementias
Table 3.2 Summary of drugs in clinical development for Alzheimer's disease and dementias which are first indication memory enhancers
Table 3.3 Summary of drugs in clinical development for Alzheimer's disease and dementias which are not memory enhancers as a first indication
Table 3.4 Summary of memory-enhancing drugs in preclinical development for Alzheimer's disease and dementias
Table 3.5 Summary of drugs in development for Alzheimer's disease which correct the cholinergic defect
Table 3.6 Summary of COX inhibitors in development as memory enhancers
Table 3.7 Summary of drugs in development for dementias which are related to hormones

This volume, Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias, is part of a series forming Scrip's Complete Guide to CNS Disorders. The other volumes in this series are:
Volume 1: Market Overview (BS1024)
Volume 3: Parkinson's Disease (BS1026)
Volume 4: Depression and Bipolar Disorder (BS1027)
Volume 5: Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses (BS1028)
Volume 6: Anxiety (BS1029)

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The worldwide market for Alzheimer's disease drugs was $600 million in 1997, accounting for 25% of neurology-related products, and is predicted to reach $3.25 billion in 2002 primarily because of the increasing elderly population globally. Alzheimer's disease, which has an incidence rate that increases with age, will be a high priority for improved drugs and treatment strategies. Annual healthcare costs are estimated at $50 billion, most of which can be attributed to nursing home costs which is a common additional healthcare expense for most patients in the advanced stage of disease. Moreover, Alzheimer's disease is the fourth leading cause of death in the Western world.

According to the World Health Organization there are currently around 22 million people with dementia and so the market value could in fact be a great deal higher, given that Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia. Similarly, dementia occurring as a result of stroke in the elderly can also lead to an increased patient population for dementia.

Current treatment options focus on prolonging the action of acetylcholine or blocking its degradation at the synapse. The only treatments in use at the moment are the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and one recently launched product that combines this mode of action with another - nicotinic receptor agonism.

One new theory is that anti-inflammatory compounds may be of benefit in Alzheimer's disease. The cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, two of which have recently been released as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for treating osteoarthritis, are in trials for Alzheimer's disease although this remains controversial.

Glutamate inhibitors, monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors and neuroprotective compounds are also in development.

As further understanding of the complex genetic basis of Alzheimer's disease is gained and the abnormalities identified, opportunities for drug development will naturally widen. Treatments are likely to gain ground in slowing the progression of neurodegeneration characteristic of this disorder and perhaps even reduce its incidence.